With high blood pressure, a fatal pathology of the cardiovascular system develops. Characteristic jumps are dangerous for health, and in the absence of timely therapy, doctors do not exclude a hypertensive crisis. 30% of all patients face this problem, and the symptom is getting younger and younger.
what is hypertension
High blood pressure is an independent disease in which blood pressure is disturbed. If before only adult patients suffered from a characteristic disease, now modern young people are also at risk. High blood pressure without timely treatment can cause disability, lead to the death of a person.
By measuring the output pressure, a double indicator is obtained. By deciphering it, you can get a real clinical picture. The first value characterizes the systolic (upper) pressure, corresponding to the force of contraction of the heart walls. The second is diastolic (minor), demonstrating pathogenesis during myocardial relaxation. Hypertension can be diagnosed at home using a classic tonometer, but requires clarification in a hospital setting.
Degrees
The pathological process gradually attacks, the symptoms imperceptibly increase, frighten with their intensity and cause other heart problems. In the body, hypertension manifests itself in one of three degrees - what it is, the cardiologist will tell you. The conditional classification of a characteristic disease with brief features is presented below:
- The first degree is elementary. The increase in blood pressure is negligible, limited to 139-159 / 90-99 mm Hg. Art. At first, the symptom appears unexpectedly, then disappears imperceptibly. The pathology can still be cured.
- The second degree is moderate. Possible deviations from the norm remain within 160–180/100–110 mm Hg. Art. , although it is almost impossible to stabilize this indicator. The risk of a hypertensive crisis increases.
- The third degree is pronounced. Deviations from the norm are frightening in their range, approaching 180 and above / 111 mm Hg. Art. If hypertension manifests itself in this way, then the degree of the pathological process leads to a violation of cardiac activity.
types
This disease has several conditional classifications that help the specialist to characterize the clinical picture as accurately as possible, carry out a proper diagnosis and choose the most effective treatment for the timely relief of anxiety symptoms. All existing types of hypertension are briefly described below:
- by etiology: arterial hypertension of primary and secondary forms;
- symptomatic (secondary) hypertension: drug, endocrine, hemodynamic, renal, neurogenic;
- complications: hypertensive crisis, malignant or labile hypertension.
causes of hypertension
To ensure a long period of remission, it is important to study the etiology of the pathological process. The main causes of hypertension are impaired blood circulation through the vessels, limited flow to the left ventricle of the heart. In modern medicine, there is a completely logical explanation for this - structural changes in blood vessels with age, the formation of blood clots and atherosclerotic plaques in their cavities.
in men
Women are more prone to a characteristic disease, but it can also progress in the male body. The main causes of hypertension in men are given below, but experts strongly recommend avoiding these provoking factors and eliminating them from your life in a timely manner. That's it:
- Stressful situations;
- genetic predisposition;
- bad habits;
- previously suffered injuries associated with a violation of the circulatory system;
- age-related changes in blood vessels, loss of elasticity;
- alcoholism;
- tendency or presence of one of the forms of obesity.
among women
If hypertension progresses in the female body - what it is, you can find out in consultation with the local therapist, a highly specialized specialist. The diagnosis is unpleasant, difficult to treat effectively. To avoid complications in a timely manner, it is important to know the main causes of hypertension in women. That's it:
- severe emotional shock, crisis, prolonged stress;
- overweight, obesity;
- disturbed hormonal background;
- pre-menopausal state;
- increased blood cholesterol;
- the advanced age of the patient.
signs of hypertension
Knowing what hypertension is, the patient must respond in a timely manner to changes in the general state characteristic of the disease. Differentiating hypertension is not easy, this is the doctor's task, so it is important not to delay the diagnosis. There is instability of blood pressure, subject to external stimuli. Other signs of hypertension depend on the sex of the prospective cardiologist patient.
among women
Representatives of the weaker sex react strongly to the slightest changes in health, so it is easier for them to recognize the appearance of a problem in their own body. The disease can overtake the patient in an "interesting position". The main signs of hypertension in women are:
- spontaneous headache at different times of the day;
- vision landing, loss of sharpness with sharp curves of the body and head;
- swelling of the lower extremities;
- excessive irritability;
- face swelling in the morning.
in men
At first, patients do not feel changes in their general well-being, and the smallest illnesses refer to increased physical activity, excessive fatigue, or an environmental factor. Over time, symptoms of hypertension in men become more pronounced, suggestive of progressive heart failure. That's it:
- reduced potency, problems in sex;
- decline in concentration;
- increased shortness of breath;
- depressed state;
- flies before eye syndrome with sudden movements.
Treatment
Knowing who hypertensives are, we can safely say that these people have to "sit" on pills all their lives to keep their overall health at the "satisfactory" mark. There is no way to completely cure the disease, but it is quite possible to treat it. If you are interested in how to treat hypertension, the features of the conservative method are presented below. Required:
- Perform all necessary tests to determine the stage and form of the disease.
- Give up bad habits, go on a therapeutic diet.
- Regularly taking antihypertensive medications;
- Eliminate the risk of complications by regular examination by a specialist, folk remedies.
How to treat high blood pressure without medication
If there is no desire to take an antihypertensive agent and the attitude towards drugs is strongly negative, what to do with hypertension? Doctors recommend being outdoors more often, taking iron-rich multivitamin complexes to maintain systemic circulation, giving up bad habits, and choosing effective cardiovascular exercises. Don't lead an isolated lifestyle. However, in the relapse phase, it is still necessary to take hypertensive drugs to avoid the risk of complications during myocardial work.
Diet for hypertension and heart disease
Therapeutic nutrition eliminates salt consumption, aims to control the body's water balance. If hypertension is diagnosed - what exactly it is, how to treat it, the cardiologist will tell you. For example, a diet for hypertension and heart disease provides for the following restrictions on the patient's usual diet. The following foods are considered prohibited:
- caffeinated beverages;
- sharpening, pickles, smoked meats;
- offal;
- alcohol;
- fatty meals.
If this is chronic hypertension - what is it in terms of nutrition? Allowed:
- lean meat;
- unsalted cereals;
- milk products.